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The Qur'an

The Qur'an is the revelation from God of his speech or Word, and is the foundation of Islam. The same message has been revealed through earlier prophets, such as Moses and Jesus, but earlier communities have currupted the message entrusted to them. Thus only the Arabic Qur'an expresses without fault the Word of God. This is why the Qur'an cannot be translated into any other language - it can only be paraphrased or interpreted - and the reason why calligraphy is so important in Islam. To make beautiful the Word of God is an act of worship and thanksgiving. Although the Qur'an describes itself as a "clear book" (Suras 2:2 and 12:2), some of its passages are difficult to understand and need interpretation. The work of commentary, tafsir and ta'wil, has produced an enormous body of literature.


Recitation of God's Word: Qur'an means "recitation," and its words have habitually been chanted aloud. When Muhammad received the first verses in 610, he was given the order by the angel Gabriel to "Iqra," "Recite!" These verses are usually held to be verses 1-5 of Chapter (Sura) 96: "Recite! in the name of your Lord who has created..." Divided into 114 Suras, the Qur'an covers many topics. It initially focuses on the unity of God, God's role in history, Muhammad's role as his prophet, the Last Judgment, and the need to help other people. Later Suras deal with communal matters relating to family, marriage, and legal, ethical, and social concerns relating to the growing umma in Medina.

Beauty of God's Words: The first pages of most copies of the Qur'an are elaborately decorated. The most expensive copies, made for rulers or nobles, might be decorated throughout. In some periods geometrical designs would have been fashionable, in others curved patterns or, as here, floral compositions. They would take months or even years to complete, but such attention would be appropriate since what the artist was touching and the reader reciting is regarded by Muslims as God's actual utterance.
The Qur'an, Sura I, the Opening: "In the name of God, the merciful, the giver of mercy: Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, The merciful, the giver of mercy, Sovereign of the Day of Judgment. You alone we worship, To you alone we pray for help. Show us the straight path, The path of those whom You have favored, Not of those who earn Your anger or of those who go astray."



 

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